Those interested in European Union studies often find themselves puzzled by the EU's organizational structure and unique decision-making process. Its framework includes intergovernmental cooperation bodies like the European Council and the Council of the European Union, as well as entities with a structure similar to the separation of powers in democratic countries—such as the European Commission, the European Parliament, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank, which are supranational organizations. Additionally, there are bodies with both intergovernmental cooperation and supranational characteristics, such as the European External Action Service (EEAS), the European Economic and Social Committee, and the European Committee of the Regions.

The political system of the EU exhibits a characteristic of being "below sovereign states but above international organizations," gradually shifting from intergovernmental cooperation to supranationalism. The decision-making process is complex, multi-leveled, and multi-faceted, requiring integration and analysis on both theoretical and policy levels to understand the EU's operational framework.

This book offers a comprehensive view at theory, policy, and examples, covering topics such as the EU's organizational and decision-making system, the leading role of the European Council in decision-making, the operations of the Council of the European Union after the “Treaty of Lisbon” came into effect, the interaction of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism in the European Commission, the expanded functions of the European Parliament, multi-level analysis of the political power of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the development and challenges of the European Central Bank's single currency policy, the role and challenges of the European External Action Service (EEAS), EU defense cooperation and Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), and the execution and coordination of the EU's climate adaptation strategy in the regions by the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions

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