演講介紹 Lecture Introduction :
擁抱文明存有論的多樣性：菲利普·德斯寇拉提倡將來人類與環境的共處之道?
雖然菲利普·德斯寇拉在台灣的知名度或許還不夠高，但他的觀點確實引人深思。這位哲學家專注於探索人類的未來，可以肯定的是，他的研究在不久的未來將會有相當的影響。
他曾在亞馬遜地區進行了深入的民族誌研究，這段經歷深刻地改變了他對於世界的認知，並且啟發他提出了關於存在的四種觀點：泛靈主義、圖騰主義、類比主義和自然主義。這些觀念巧妙地描繪了不同文明中，人類、非人類及其與自然環境的關係。
德斯寇拉挑戰了西方主流的自然主義思維，自然主義從十七世紀開始在歐洲盛行，其認定只有人類是獨特的，而其他生物和自然環境與我們並無直接關係。這種觀念成為了工業活動、資本主義和現代科學發展的基調，加劇了人類對自然的剝削。然而，德斯寇拉指出，透過觀摩、接納不同文明中關於存在的想法，我們可以看到民族誌研究如何幫助我們去想像，一個更具包容性的、未必以人類為中心的生活前景。
我們可以這樣理解菲利普·德斯寇拉的想法：要成就這樣的未來，不只要珍視我們熟知的生物多樣性，同樣重要的是，也要深入理解和肯定人類文明多樣性。
在他的演講中，德斯寇拉將分享他在法蘭西學院擔任人類學講座教授將近20 年的研究。他標誌性的著作《可見的形式》(Les Formes du Visible)於2021 年出版，厚達848 頁，目前只有法文原文版，英譯本將由Polity 出版社出版。在本書中，德斯寇拉著重探討圖像的本質和功能。他指出，圖像具有強大的魔力，能夠喚起我們的回憶，幫助我們整理思路和表達情感。更重要的是，這些圖像能夠呈現五大洲不同文化中關於存在的觀點，如泛靈主義、圖騰主義、類比主義和自然主義。
Facing Diverse Ontologies in Different Civilizations: Philippe Descola on Humans’Future
Philippe Descola may not yet enjoy widespread recognition in Taiwan, but his ideas are undeniably captivating. This philosopher's dedicated exploration of the future of humanity would wield significant influence in years to come.
Descola had conducted extensive ethnographic research in the Amazon region and this ethnographic study turned to alter his worldview profoundly. Based on his changed insights, he formulated four distinct perspectives on existence: animism, totemism, analogism, and naturalism. These concepts sophisticatedly portray the intricate relationships among humans, non-humans, and the natural environment in various civilizations.
Descola challenges the predominant Western naturalism viewpoint that has prevailed in Europe since the seventeenth century. This mindset asserts the uniqueness of humans while implying that other biotic or non-biotic beings and the natural environment lack innate connections to us. This idea has been foundational to the Industrial Age and modern science, leading to humans’ use and overuse of nature resources. Nonetheless, Descola emphasizes that through the observation and welcoming of diverse viewpoints on ontologies from different civilizations, ethnographic research can help us envision a more inclusive future that is not necessarily centered around humans.
We can position Philippe Descola's concept as follows: To realize such a future, it is paramount to not only value the biodiversity we are familiar with but also understand and acknowledge the diverse ontologies of various human civilizations.
In his lecture, Descola will share insights gained from his 20-year tenure as a professor of anthropology at the Collège de France. His landmark work, Les Formes du Visible (The Forms of the Visible), published in 2021 and spanning a substantial 848 pages, is currently available only in French. An upcoming translation, to be published by Polity Press, will make this work accessible to global English readers. Les Formes du Visible underscores the remarkable power of images, emphasizing their ability to evoke our memories, assist in organizing our thoughts, and even convey emotions. More significantly, these images have the capacities to present wide arrays of perspectives on ontologies from different cultures spanning across all five continents. These perspectives encompass animism, totemism, analogism, and naturalism.
電影分級 : 輔12級
電影分級 : 保護級
電影分級 : 普遍級
